Dr. Anup Pandey / Saurav Raj Pant

In his famous uncertainty principle, Heisenberg put forward the theory that any two physical quantities say the velocity and the position of a particle cannot be measured simultaneously. This uncertainty is significant in the small atomic masses and subatomic particles, such as the electron. When the light (photon) is incident on atoms, momentum is transferred from the photon to the electrons, and the electrons are excited to higher energy levels. In other words, electrons change the path of its motion, which means both the position and momentum cannot be measured precisely. If one measures the position of a particle, it is disturbed, and therefore the momentum cannot be measured accurately and vice versa. The uncertainty principle has successfully explained many physical behaviours that cannot be interpreted by classical theory. Some of the examples are the stability of atoms, emission of alpha particles from the radioactive materials, and electron-positron pairs that have been explained in any standard physics textbook.
Einstein had never accepted the uncertainty principle. He famously rejected the Heisenberg’s uncertainty by quoting “Spooky action at a distance. Einstein introduced the idea of an entangled state, which allows one to measure the position of a particle without disturbing it, enabling one to measure both position and momentum simultaneously.
Uncertainty principle can be traced down through an example of a light beam passing through a narrow movable slit whose opening can be controlled. In this experiment, whenever the slit becomes small, the position of the particles can be detected precisely, but the light beam sparks on the photographic plate. Whenever the light is suppressed, its packet of photons disburses in higher velocity and momentum. The position of the suppressed light photon is in a detectable mode, whereas its velocity is in an undetected mode. This experiment strongly supports the Heisenberg principle of uncertainty.
As Einstein’s comments on the principle were based on countering its competitor, Heisenberg’s principle is famous still in this 21st century. This principle is regarded as the widely accepted notions of quantum physics. Although a few years back in Canada, few scientists discovered that position and velocity of the macroscopic elements could be detected to a near precise order but not precisely.
Bhagavad Gita’s Chapter 18’s 14 verse: (Gita) says: The result of the action depends upon five factors i.e. Place of action (adhistaanam), the doer (karta), instrument (Karanam), various kinds of efforts (Vividhascha) and supreme soul (daivam). Here, decoding the above verse of the Bhagawad Gita is essentially necessary to find the connection of the Vedic text with modern physics. Here, place of action means where we will be doing any action (it can be underwater or above water or land or outer orbit of the earth, out of galaxy or somewhere in galaxy or vacuum). Secondly, to do any action at any place, 'Karta' or 'Doer' is very much important. 'Karta' can be machines or humans or animals. Thirdly, the instrument is necessary to run or operate or use at any given place by any given doer. Then, efforts are necessary at any place by any given doer with any instruments. The above 4 factors are supernaturally
controlled and manipulated by the supreme soul. Here, ‘soul’ is more supreme than our consciousness, which our 3-dimensional brain cannot perceive. It is beyond the observable universe. Meaning, the 'world' is uncertain. And, this world we live in is beyond any human understanding of laws. For example, the earth is rotating about its axis and revolving around the sun. In outer space, asteroids of different sizes are moving. If they ever come closer to earth's gravity, then destruction could be unimaginable. The prime example is dinosaur extinction. The whole universe is guided by maya or illusion, in which every entity is a Ginny pig. Why perfectly planned projectile of space mission failed at the very last moment? The recent example is Chandrayan—2, which had a connection at near arrival to around 2.2 Kilo Meter to the moon's surface. Engineers aren’t always able to explain why a satellite runs into problems – space can be unpredictable as well as dangerous.
Linking Bhagavat Gita chapter 18th 14 verse with Heisenberg uncertainty, nothing is mathematically achieved and always remains in uncertainty. There is a limitation of understanding of this universe. Let us decode this with the Heisenberg Uncertainty. The place itself has uncertainty because the medium in which the light beam is traveling affects its velocity and its wavelength. Secondly, the doer or researcher's intentions and understanding the issue matters because analysis of any issue differs from person to person, and in terms of precision of the instrument they use.
Thirdly, the instruments that are used to verify Heisenberg’s principle are made by the 3-dimensional (human) brain. Einstein and several other researchers have claimed that there are different dimensions of the universe. The element which shows specific characteristics at one part of the universe may not show the same characteristics in the other part. So, building results based on the available instruments is itself uncertain. So, how can humans be certain of higher achievement in science and technology? There is an equal probability of another entity in the universe that has excelled more than humans in science and technology. This is still uncertain.
The research findings which have been developed in the course of history are changing, and it has not been static. That is why, this world is uncertain, and Gita's Chapter 18th and 14th verse matches with Heisenberg’s uncertainty. As per the understanding, Bhagavad Gita was written around 400 BCE and 200 CE, whereas Heisenberg provided uncertainty principle in 1927. This proves that Vedic document has a vast idea bank, which is proving continuously by modern science. So, there is a need of exploring this vast idea bank on the basis of scientific terms to upcoming generation for building better critical mass generation; which ultimately contributes towards philosophical approach of Research & Development.

(Dr. Pandey is a US based physicist and Saurav is an International Relations Researcher)